家庭环境对儿童探究行为及同伴交往的影响

The Effect of Family Environment to Children's Exploratory Behavior and Peer Interaction

目的:考察儿童探究行为及同伴交往类型与家庭环境的关系。方法:由父母填写家庭环境量表,测量儿童的家庭环境;然后在实验室及自由活动时间录像观察并编码,分析56名儿童的探究行为和同伴交往类型,考察两者间的关系。结果:男孩单独被动活动及探索性行为的频率得分均高于女孩[(18.5±3.7)vs.(13.2±3.8),(5.4±2.0)vs.(3.9±1.5);P=0.003,0.006],而互动活动和探究行为的持续时间得分均低于女孩[(9.4±2.7)vs.(12.6±3.1),(2.1±0.9)vs.(3.3±1.2);P=0.041,0.032];家庭亲密度与同伴交往中的抑制行为、单独被动活动负相关(r=-0.26、-0.24,P<0.01),而与平行活动、单独主动活动、互动活动正相关(r=0.14、0.28、0.38,P<0.05或0.01);儿童探究行为与家庭的独立性、知识性、乐观因子呈正相关(r=0.46、0.33、0.38,P<0.05或0.01),与控制性、矛盾性、悲观因子呈负相关(r=-0.41、-0.38、-0.33,P<0.05或0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,对于不同家庭环境中有6个因子是对儿童同伴交往的预测变量(联合解释变异量为0.437),5个因子是对儿童探索性的预测变量(联合解释变异量为0.362)。结论:家庭环境与儿童的探究行为及同伴交往类型密切相关。

Objective： To investigate the relationship between family and exploratory behavior and peer interaction. Methods： Sixty-eight children＇s type of family environment was measured by using the Family Environment Scale- Chinese Version （ FES） , and their peer interaction and the exploratory behavior were observed and coded when they could choose games by themselves in laboratory. Results： The boys＇ score of solo-passive games and frequency of exploratory behavior was significantly higher than that of girls [ （18.5±317） vs. （13.2±3.8）, （5.4±2.0） vs. （3.9 ±1.5 ） ; P = 0. 003, 0. 006 ], and the score of mutual-games and persistence of exploratory behavior in boys were lower than those of girls [（9.4±2.7） vs. （12.6±3.1）, （2.1 ±0.9） vs. （3.3 ±1.2）; P=0.041, 0. 032 ] . The family intimacy was negatively correlated with inhibition behavior, and positively correlated with mutualgames and solo-passive games in peer interaction. Meanwhile, the children＇s exploratory behavior was positively correlated with independence , knowledge and optimistic factor （ r = 0. 464, P 〈 0. 01 ; r = 0. 328, P 〈 0. 05 ; r = 0. 379, P 〈 0.05 ） , and negatively correlated with controllability, contradiction and pessimistic factor （ r = - 0. 412, P 〈 0.01 ; r = - 0. 375, P 〈 0.05 ; r = - 0. 326, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Regression analysis showed that children＇s peer interaction and exploratory behavior could be predicted by their family environment. Conclusion： It suggets that children＇s peer interaction and exploratory behavior have intense relationship with their family.