橡胶加工噪声对作业人员心血管系统的影响

Influence of Noise on Cardiovascular System of Rubber Machining Workers

目的研究橡胶加工噪声对作业人员心血管系统的危害程度。方法选取某橡胶加工企业,测定其各岗位噪声强度;同时选择该企业相应岗位作业人员进行职业健康体检,包括血压测定和心电图诊断。分析各岗位噪声强度与作业人员高血压患病率和心电图异常率的关系。结果各接触噪声岗位的作业人员高血压患病率和心电图异常率均高于对照组。随着噪声强度、工龄、年龄的增加,高血压患病率和心电图异常率也相应增加。年龄、年龄与噪声的交互作用、工龄与噪声的交互作用对高血压患病率有较大影响(OR值分别为5.041、12.143、2.123);噪声强度、工龄、工龄与噪声的交互作用、年龄与噪声的交互作用对心电图异常率有较大影响(OR值分别为2.764、1.612、3.735、4.357)。结论橡胶加工行业噪声污染普遍存在,主要存在于硫化、固化、司炉、编织、炼胶、装配等多种岗位。噪声对作业人员的心血管系统影响较大,容易形成心血管系统疾病。年龄大者患高血压的风险是年龄小者的5.041倍;接触较高噪声者患心血管系统疾病的可能性是接触较低者的2.764倍;工作时间长患心血管系统疾病的风险是工作时间短的1.612倍。因此,有必要对橡胶加工行业的噪声危害采取切实有效的防范措施,以保护工人的健康。

[ Objective] To investigate the hazards of rubber machining noise on cardiovascular system of exposed workers. [ Methods] The noise density of different jobs was detected in a rubber machining factory. The physical examination including blood pressure and ECG were taken among workers in the factory. The relation between noise density and prevalence of hypertension, abnormity rate of ECG was analyzed. [ Results ] The rate of hypertension and abnormal ECG in exposed group was higher than the control group. The rate of hypertension and abnormal ECG increased with the increase of noise density, work age and age. The age, interaction of age and noise, interaction of work age and noise had great influence to the rate of hypertension （ OR = 5. 041, 12. 143, 2. 123 ）. The noise density,work age,interaction of work age and noise,interaction of age and noise had great influence to the rate of abnormal ECG（ OR = 2. 764, 1. 612, 3. 735, 4.357 ）. [ Conclusion] The noise pollution widely existed in different types of work in rubber machining industry which including vulcanization, cure, stoker, weave, caking and assemblage. The noise had great influence to the cardiovascular system of workers, and induced cardiovascular diseases. The risk of cardiovascular diseases among senior workers was 5. 041 times of that among young workers. The risk of cardiovascular diseases of workers exposed to higher noise was 2.764 times of that of workers exposed to lower noise. The risk of cardiovascular diseases of long work - time workers was I. 612 times of that of short work-time workersl It is necessary that effective prevention measures be implemented in rubber machining industry to protect workers＇ health.