橡胶工业生产性粉尘对工人健康的危害

Hazard of Rubber Industrial Dust on Workers' Health

目的了解橡胶工业生产性粉尘对工人健康的危害情况，以便更好地采取防治措施。方法对广东省省内5家橡胶制品加工厂开展职业卫生学调查和现场粉尘浓度监测，并对672名接尘工人（接尘组）和598名非接尘人员（对照组）进行职业健康检查。结果5家工厂各生产工序中产生的粉尘主要是滑石粉尘。其中配料、压延、炼胶等工种粉尘浓度最高，平均浓度为6．8～32．6mg／m^3，超标（PC-TWA3mg/m^3）1．3～9．8倍。粉尘中游离SiO2含量平均为5．6％～8．2％。职业健康检查中，X射线（高仟伏）胸片所见，接尘组肺纹理有明显改变者共52例，其中无尘肺（0^＋）7例。而对照组的肺纹理改变只有19例。肺功能测定：接尘组小气道功能轻度异常48例，对照组13例。2组检出率比较，差异有统计学意义（Х^2=17．09，P〈0．01）。此外，接尘组的自觉症状、慢性鼻炎、咽炎以及心电图等改变均比对照组高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论橡胶制品加工业使用的工业滑石粉，在生产中产生的粉尘对工人健康有一定的危害性，建议使用危害性较小的医用滑石粉来替代。同时加强防尘措施，降低作业场所粉尘浓度，保障工人健康，防止尘肺病发生。

[Objective] To understand the hazard of rubber industrial dust on workers＇health, so as to take better preventative measures. [ Methods ] Occupational hygienic survey and dust concentration field-monitoring were conducted in 5 rubber plants, and physical examination was carded out on 672 dust-exposed workers （ exposure group ） and 598 non dust-exposed workers （ control group ）. [ Results] The main dust was talcum powder in each processing operation in five plants. The highest dust concentration was in compounding, calendaring, mixing and so on. The average dust concentration was 6.8 -32.6 mg/m^3 1.3 -9.8 times of the national hygienic standard. The average content of free SiO2 was 5.6% - 8.2% in dust. In occupational health inspection, The chest X-ray examination showed that 52 cases in the exposure group were found with obvious lung marking changes among which 7cases were not pneumoconiosis （0 ＋ ） , while only 19 cases in the control group were found with lung marking changes. The lung function examination showed that 48 cases in the exposure group and only 13 cases in the control group had slight dysfunction of the small airways. The difference of detection rate was significant between the two groups （Х^2 = 17.09,P 〈0.01 ）. Moreover, the incidence if Subjective symptoms, chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis and ECG changes in the exposure group was higher than that of the control group and the difference was significant （ P 〈 0. 05）. [ Conclusion ] The industrial talcum powder in rubber industry was hazardous to workers＇health, it is suggested to use medical talcum powder instead. Meanwhile, the dust control measures should be strengthened, dust concentration in the workplace should be reduced to protect workers＇health and prevent occurrence of pneumoconiosis