深圳市职业病危害风险分析

Analysis on the Occupational Hazard Risks in Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市职业病危害风险情况,为职业病防治提供依据。方法对2000—2007年的职业病的发病情况进行回顾性分析,并对其风险进行评估,确定高风险行业及高风险职业病危害因素。结果8年间共发生职业病377宗、病人671例(急性335例、慢性336例),死亡20例;主要集中在机械五金和电子企业,其次为蓄电池和塑料玩具企业。种类主要为三氯乙烯(21.91%)和正己烷(17.88%),其次为铅危害(12.37%)和尘肺病(9.09%)。死亡病例主要见于三氯乙烯和苯危害,其构成比分别为55.0%、20.0%;有机溶剂发病人数占病例总数的55.14%,死亡病例占死亡总数的85.0%。结论机械五金、电子、印刷、塑胶玩具和珠宝企业属于职业病危害高风险的行业;三氯乙烯、正己烷、二氯乙烷和苯等有机溶剂及宝石粉尘属于职业病危害高风险的有害因素。

[ Objective] To understand the occupational hazard risks in Shenzhen and provide evidence for the prevention of occupational diseases. [ Methods] Retrospective analysis was made on the status of occupational diseases during 2000-2007; and the occupational hazard risks in Sheuzhen were evaluated ; confirmation was made on the high risk industries and high risk factors of occupational diseases. [ Results] 67l cases of occupational diseases were found in the last 8 years （335 acute cases and 336 chronic cases, 20 of which died） , which were mainly concentrated in the industries of machine hardware, electronics, battery and plastics ; the major causes were trichloroethylene （21.91% ）, n-hexane （ 17.88% ）, lead （ 12.37% ） and silica dust （9.09%） ; 55.0% and 20.0% of the death cases were caused by trichloroethylene and benzene respectively; 55.14% of the cases were caused by organic solvent exposure; 85.0% of the death toll were death cases. [ Conclusion] Machine hardware, electronics, printing, plastics and precious stone industry belong to high risk industries; the organic solvents like trichloroethylene, n-hexane, diehloroethane and the precious stone dust are considered as the high risk factors.