黄土高原煤矿区煤矸石中重金属对土壤污染的研究

Study on heavy metal contaminants in soil come from coal mining spoil in the Loess Plateau

以黄土高原兰州红古矿区为例,研究煤矸石长期堆积对当地土壤产生的重金属污染.根据红古矿区的地质地形特点,选择合理的采样路线,系统采集矿区内不同开采历史时期的土壤样品,用HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4消解样品和原子吸收分光光度仪分析矿区土壤中有害重金属元素(Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Pb,Zn)的含量,数据处理采用SPSS软件完成.研究表明,红古矿区煤矸石长期堆积、风化淋溶已导致了其周围土壤中重金属的污染和富集,表现为随着煤矸石堆放、风化淋溶时间的延长,矿区土壤中重金属含量基本呈上升趋势,其中Cd,Pb,Zn表现出较强的迁移性.由此可见,矿业开采活动对当地土壤重金属含量有一定的贡献,但不同的重金属元素在矿区土壤中的积累表现出差异性.

The study was conducted in a typical coal mining industrial area Honggu coal mining area in Lanzhou, Loess Plateau. Studied the heavy metal pollution caused by the coal mining spoils long-piled in the mining area to the coal mining soil. According to the character of geology and topography, the route of selecting sample was set down, the soil samples were collected from different coal mining region with a variety of mining history. The samples were digested with HC1 - HNO3 - HF - HCIO4 digesting method, and the concentration of heavy metals were analyzed by atom absorption spectrometry and the data were handed by SPSS12.0. The results show that coal mining spoils contributed heavy metal pollution of the coal mining soil and heavy metals accumulation is caused by coal mining spoils piled up, catamorphism and eluvium. The concentration of heavy metals shows trend rise with pile up the time in the wake the coal mining spoil increase, Cd, Pb, Zn show strong migratory. But the concentration of the different heavy metal is difference in coal mining soil. It also illustrates that the heavy metal can be cumulated and migrated. Therefor, we can see that coal mining activites contribute to heavy metal pollution of this area.