生育政策与出生性别比偏高

Fertility Policy and Abnormal High Sex Ratio at Birth

自20世纪80年代以来,中国人口出生性别比开始偏离正常值且持续偏高,一般认为,这是多种影响因素共同作用的结果。在诸多影响因素中,何者为主要因素却有很大的分歧。笔者认为,虽然影响我国出生人口性别比升高的原因是复杂的、多因素的,但是,20世纪80年代以来实施的严格的计划生育政策不仅与出生性别比偏高直接相关,而且是诸多影响因素中最主要的,偏严的生育政策是中国出生性别比长期严重失衡的主要原因。

Since the 1980s, sex ratio at birth in China have indicated a continuous departure from the normal value. Although it is generally considered as the result of an interaction between multiple factors, people hold different opinions in locating the principal affecting element. The present author agreed with the popular estimation about the multi-factorial and complex nature of the abnormal high sex ratio at birth, but proposed that the strictly implemented family planning policy since the 1980s, among others, has a direct and major role to play. The author came to the conclusion that the over-strict fertility policy is the chief cause of the long-standing unbalance of sex ratios at birth among the Chinese population.