中学生棒球练习者眼动特征的实验研究

Experimental Study on Characteristics of Eye-movement of High School Baseball Players

利用先进的仪器对中学生棒球练习者的眼动特征进行研究,为相关研究和运动实践提供理论指导。实验采用三因素被试内设计,应用iViewX头盔式眼动仪对中学生棒球练习者与普通中学生注视棒球投球视频的眼动特征进行比较。结果发现,2组被试的注视时间、注视次数、出手追球差及主要注视位置等均存在显著差异,而投球方式对各指标的影响则没有显著性差异。经分析得出以下结论:运动水平是影响被试对各个位置注视时间和次数的主要因素,专业组的注视过程较为全面、细致,且注视轨迹比较紧凑;专业组在球出手后开始视觉追踪球的启动时间明显快于非专业组被试;2组被试注视位置的最大差异是对"球出手附近"的注视,专业组对球出手的动作有一个预判的过程。

The authors of this paper have studied the characteristics of eye-movement of high school baseball players by applying advanced equipment in order to provide a theoretical guidance for the related researches and sports practice,. By using a 2× 2×2 with- in-group design, the characteristics of eye-movement of high school baseball players and normal high school students were recorded and compared by iView X HED eye-tracker when they watched the video of baseball pitching. The results show that there are significant differences between the two groups＇ fixation frequency and length, fixation zones, etc. ,while there is no significant difference for the influence of pitching styles on each index. Thus it is concluded after analysis：participants＇ athletic skill level is the main factor that influences their frequency and length of fixations;the professional group＇s fixation process is more comprehensive and specific and their tracking is more close;the professional group＇s starting time of tracking the ball after it is released from pitcher＇s hand is distinctly faster than the non-professional group; the biggest difference between the fixation zone of two groups is the fixation when ＂nearby the pitching hand＂, which indicates there is a pre-decisional phase for the professional group participants when the ball is released.