基于生物物理视角的城市生态竞争力

An analysis on urban ecological competition capability with biophysical accounting method

研究城市的生命支持系统、系统解析城市运行的生物物理代谢过程是深入揭示现代城市"病"产生机理与作用规律的新视角。借助生态能量学方法之一——能值方法对城市生态经济系统进行了系统分析,并构建了综合性城市生态竞争力指数UECCI,将之应用于北京、上海和广州3个案例城市1990年到2005年的评价中。同时,引入并整合台北(1991和1998年)和澳门(1990、1993、1995、1997、2000、2003和2004年)的能值分析结果进行参照对比。结果显示:研究期内3个案例城市生态经济系统的演化趋势呈现很好的一致性,但广州的UECCI一直高于北京和上海,广州城市生态经济系统在可持续发展的长远尺度上似乎更具有生态竞争力;与台北与澳门的进一步比较发现,尽管中国大陆城市经济发展程度不及台北与澳门,其UECCI总体上却高于台北和澳门。

Policy decisions associated with urban development are usually made with a flowed accounting system that ignores the basic life-support system for all metabolism activities. Studying urban life-support system and analyzing its biophysical base systematically of urban ecosystem is a new perspective to understand the mechanism on modem urban illness. Emergy method, one of ecological energetic method, was adopted to analyze the urban ecological economic systems. The relevant indices and ratios based on emergy flows can be used to evaluate the behavior of ecological economic systems, for the present case, however, a new indicator of Urban Ecological Competition Capacity Index （UECCI） was put forward based on available emergy indicators to assess the overall performance of urban ecosystem. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou were chosen as case cities and the period from 1990 to 2005 was considered. Meanwhile, previous evaluation results of Taipei in 1991 and 1998, and Macao in 1990, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2004 were also incorporated for cross references. The results show that the evolution trends for three cities appear to be very similar, however, the UECCI of Guangzhou is higher than those of Beijing and Shanghai, and thus it seem to have greater ecological competition capability from the perspective of longer term sustainability. Further comparison with Taipei and Macao, it is found that the development level of mega cities in mainland are inferior to those of Taipei and Macao to some extent, but the UECCI of case cities are higher than those of Taipei and Macao.