天山北坡区域生态承载力与可持续发展--以阜康市为例

Changes of eco-capacity and ecological sustainability in the north Tianshan Mountains region: taking Fukang county as a case of study

应用生态足迹法剖析位于天山北坡的新疆阜康市近20多年来承载力变化及对可持续发展的影响,结果表明:20世纪90年代以来市场对煤炭等本地优势资源需求和重新配置加速了本区域快速工业化进程,工业化的结果引导了能源消费迅速增加和城市化发展,生物资源消费快速增加,生态消费足迹逐年显著增加。20多年来,林地人均承载力提高而草地和农耕地人均承载力下降,土地总承载力略有下降。在工业迅速发展、城市化的带动和刺激下,能源和草地消费足迹急剧增加,生态由赢余转为赤字并呈现出赤字快速增加的趋势。草地需求旺盛导致了草地掠夺经营的现状愈演愈烈,生态风险逐渐向草地倾斜,已构成该区域可持续发展的最大障碍因素。天山北坡草地承载和可持续发展与牧业落后生产方式紧密联系,也与人们的认识观念有关,实现草地生态的逆转需要全社会的关注和支持。

An analysis of Ecological Footprint （EF） of Fukang county from 1981 to 2004 shows a yearly increased trend of EF including energy consumption and biological consumption in the north Tianshan Mountains region, China. The expanding of the energy consumption and biological consumption from a rapid urbanization is due to fast industrialization with blooming demand of energy resource and market restructuring of competitive product of natural resources in the mid- 1990s. It also reveals a little decreased trend of total eco-capacity involving serious decreases of grazingland and till land although a little increases of forest land. The ecological deficit began in the early-1990s and has been enlarging since then. The increasing consumption of local production of livestock induces more and more overgrazing declined the capacity of grassland seriously, and these become the most obstructive factor of sustainable development of Tianshan Mountains region Unsustainability of grazingland use is closely related to extensive animal breeding and poor knowledge in reasonable utilization of grassland, as sustainable managing grasslands becomes a major challenge facing all of the people in our society.