基于生态容量的广东省资源环境基尼系数计算与分析--与张音波等商榷

Analysis of city resource-environment gini coefficient based on ecological capability in Guangdong Province,China: discuss with Yin-bo Zhang

张音波等认为:资源环境基尼系数是用来反映在"经济贡献率"相同的情况下,资源消耗、污染物排放公平程度的一个指标,并用"绿色贡献系数"来判断资源消耗与污染物排放的不公平因子。这种基于GDP来计算的"资源环境基尼系数"会产生一种"经济越发达的地区就可以多污染"的误解,且这种"越富裕越有排污权消耗权"的理论与生态学的生态容量理论是相背离的。正确的分析方法应该是"基于‘环境或生态容量’的资源环境基尼系数",从生态容量的角度,重新定义资源环境基尼系数,并确立基于生态容量的"绿色负担系数"来评价其不公平性。选取广东省2005年各城市SO2排放、工业固废产生、废水排放和能源消耗为评价指标,选取在统计资料上统计的便于分析对照的"森林面积"和"耕地面积"指标为"生态容量"的表征指标,计算其资源环境基尼系数和绿色负担系数。结果表明,2005年广东省上述4项指标的资源环境基尼系数分别为0.65、0.58、0.60、0.57,均明显高于0.4的"警戒线",说明广东省资源环境容量分配差异较大。从绿色负担系数来看,研究结果与张音波等的结果恰恰相反:在广东21个城市中,深圳、佛山、东莞、中山、广州等经济发达城市是主要的不公平因子,是需要转变经济发展模式的城市,更须注重经济与环境的协调发展。

Yinbo Zhang considered that resource-environment Gini coefficient （Gre） was designed according to the conception of Gini coefficient and used to evaluate the fairness levels of resource consumption and pollution releasing under the same economy contribution rate, and green contribute coefficient （ GCC ） was used to estimate the unfair factors of resource consumption and pollution releasing. However, the resource-environment Gini coefficient（Gro） evaluated based on GDP could lead to the thought that the more developed was the city, the more pollution it could release, and the richer had more right of resource consumption and pollution releasing： We believed that the real way was to evaluate the resource- environment Gini coefficient （Gro） based on the ecological capability of ecosystem. In this article, Gro was redefined from the aspect of ecological capability of ecosystem, and the green contribute coefficient （GBC） was established based on ecological capability of ecosystem to evaluate its inequity. The SO2 emission, industrial solid wastes production, industrial waste water discharging and energy consumption in 2005 in Guangdong Province were chosen as evaluating-indices, and forest area and infield area were chosen token ecological capability index to analyse and compare conveniently in statistics. The result indicated that the Gre of SO2emission, industrial solid wastes production, industrial waste water discharging and energy consumption were 0.65, 0.58, 0. 60, 0.57, respectively. They were all at the level over 0.4-the cautionary line. It was shown that the discrepancy of distribution of resource and environment was large in Guangdong. From the green burden coefficient（ GBC）, It was suggested that the cities of Shenzhen, Foshan, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Guangzhou Could be the main unfair factors. Need to transit their economic patterns, consider the development of economy and environment in line.