上海市浦东新区肾结石流行病学调查报告

An epidemiological study of kidney stone in Pudong New Wrea of Shanghai

目的了解上海市浦东新区肾结石患病的流行病学现况及相关因素，为肾结石的预防提供依据。方法采取整群分层随机抽样的调查方法对上海市浦东新区12565名常住居民进行肾脏B超检查和性别、年龄、地区、文化、职业和肾结石家族史等问卷调查。结果肾结石总患病率3．15％（396／12565），男女分别为4．05％（247／6096）、2．30％（149／6469）（P〈0．05）。男性随着年龄增加，肾结石患病率增加；女性结石患病高峰在50~59年龄段。城市与乡村〈60岁肾结石患病率比较差异无统计学意义（2．58％与2．62％，P〉0．05），≥60岁差异则有统计学意义（6．28％与3．36％，P〈0.05）。有肾结石家族史者肾结石患病率明显高于无家族史者（32．02％与2．06％，P〈0．01）。管理人员、司机患病率最高。结论上海市浦东新区肾结石的患病率低于我国南方地区。中老年男性、围绝经期妇女、有肾结石家族史者以及管理人员、司机等为肾结石高危人群。对城市及乡村的高危人群应给予同等重视，加强健康教育及监测可能有助于降低结石的发生。

Objective To examine the epidemiology of kidney stone in Pudong New Area of Shanghai and analyze its risk factors. Methods 12 565 residents with the age above 16 years were surveyed. All subjects needed to answer a questionnaire concerning their sex, age, geographic locations, occupation, education status and family history of renal calculi, etc. Ultrasound examination was used to diagnose the kidney stone. Results The average prevalence of kidney stone was 3.15% （396/12565）, 4.05V0 （247/6096）in the men and 2.30%（149/6469） in the women, respectively （P〈0.05）. The prevalence increased significantly with age of men, whereas the prevalence was highest for women aged 50--59. The prevalence between city and rural was not significantly different before age 60 （2.58% vs 2. 62%, P〉0. 05）, whereas the prevalence were significantly different after age 60 （6.28% vs 3.36%, P〈0.05）. The prevalence of subjects with a family history of renal calculi was higher than that without family history （32.02% vs 2.06%, P〈0.01）. The prevalence in management staff and vehicle drivers were the highest. Conclusions The prevalence of kidney stone in Pud- ong New Area of Shanghai was lower than that in south of China. The relative risk increased in subjects of aged men, women aged 50--59, with family history of renal calculi, management staff and vehicle drivers. An understanding of the epidemiology particularly the interactions among different factors, may help lead to approach that reduce the risk of stone formation.