清初诗坛与诗学趋向论

On the poetic circle and poetics trend at the beginning of Qing Dynasty

清初诗坛,主要有遗民诗人、贰臣诗人、清初入仕新朝的文臣三大创作群体。清初诗学逐渐从拟"高格逸调"与"独抒性灵"中走向重诗歌的价值功能的复古——儒家诗学政教精神的复归。这种复归在两个层面上展开的:一是主张诗歌的怨刺功能,明显具有抗清、经世的意图,二是主张"温柔敦厚"、"主文而谲谏"的儒家诗学的审美原则的复归,诉求安定与巩固统治现状之目的。清初诗学还对"七子"、"公安""竟陵"诗学等重新审视与反思,由"拟古"之风注重诗歌的高格逸调,而走向现实,重"情"的抒发,再而趋于"神韵"说;伴随着这一进程,宋诗学便悄然兴起。

There was three big poetic creations community at the beginning of Qing Dynasty. On the one hand Poetics at the beginning of Qing Dynasty gradually from ＂GAOGEYIDIAO ＂and ＂alone expresses in soul＂ to restoring the old which emphasizing the value function of poetry - Confucianism poetic regression. This kind of regression launches in two stratification planes, one is advocating the poetry the resentful function, obviously has the intention which anti-Qing, two is advocating Confucianism poetics esthetic principle of ＂gentle honest＂, the demand is stable and target of the consolidated dominant present situation, on the other hand is carefully examining and reconsidering poetics of ＂QIZI＂, ＂GONGAN＂ and ＂JINGLING＂ and so on .from ＂GAOGEYIDIAO ＂ to the reality, ＂sentiment＂ expressing and ＂SHENYUN ＂; Follows this process, Song poetic quietly is emerging.