接枝壳聚糖在药学领域的应用

Applications of Grafted Chitosan in Pharmaceutics

壳聚糖无毒、具有良好的生物相容性、可生物降解性、无免疫反应和无致癌性等优点,可安全可靠地用于药物中。可是壳聚糖仅溶解在少数稀酸中,从而限制了其广泛的应用。对壳聚糖进行接枝,可使其溶解性增加,或增加一些其它性能,扩大其应用范围。本文从接枝聚合方法和应用的角度,综述了近年来壳聚糖的接枝共聚产物在药学领域的研究进展,包括:聚丙烯酸类、丙烯酰胺类、乙烯基类、聚乙二醇类、聚丙交酯(聚乳酸)类、脂肪酸类、具特殊功能的分子和其它疏水性侧链等,并提出未来的发展方向。

Chitosan can be safely used in pharmaceuticals due to its nontoxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonantigenicity and noncancerogenic properties. However, chitosan could only be solubilized in a few dilute acid solutions, which limited its wide applications. Graft copolymerization of chitosan could improve its solubility and produce some new properties, further broadening their potential pharmaceutical applications. The objective of this review was to summarize the recent progress on applications of grafted chitosan in pharmaceutics from the methods of polymerization and applications. It included the graft copolymer of chitosan with polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, polyvinyls, polyethylene glycols, polylactic acids, fatty acids, molecules with especial functions and other hydrophobic segments. Their advances in the future were also introduced briefly.