“隋唐燕乐”的不同系统与词的起源

Yan Musical System in Sui and Tang Period and the Emergence of the Ci form Short Lyric

词的产生受"隋唐燕乐"的影响,研究词起源不得不对"隋唐燕乐"进行考察。词的起源与词体的正式确立应视为两个概念。词的起源与音乐的关系最为密切,应主要关注词如何由音乐生成;词体的正式则为文体学的问题,重点在于区别词是如何独立成为一种文体。有唐一代并无"隋唐燕乐"的概念,是后人为了称谓及研究的方便而提出的。"隋唐燕乐"包罗万象,主要有两大系统:一为宫廷音乐系统,一为民间音乐系统。二者各自对词的形成产生不同的影响。词体雏形孕育于民间,词起源的时间,其上限只能是初唐,下限只能是盛唐,词体的正式成立在中晚唐。

The Yan Music in Sui and Tang Period exerted great influences on the emerging of the Ci form short lyric. Studying in the origin of Ci one cannot but do research in Yan Music. There are totally distinct conceptions between the origin and the establishment of Ci. Since music, the cradle of Ci, has extremely close relation with Ci, we should focus attention on the issue： how the music evolved into the Ci. In contrast, the issue about the establishment of Ci concerns stylistics, which attaches great importance on the unique style of Ci. The notion of Yan music was not established in Tang period, but rather labeled for the convenience of appellation and research. Yah Music which is all inclusive can be approximately divided into to two systems, namely royal musical system and folk musical system, which pose different influences on the emerging of Ci. The emergence of the Ci was found with the folk music, with the timing between the early Tang and the late Tang , while the style of Ci was established in middle and late Tang.