陕西棉花抗枯黄萎病种质资源评价

The Evaluation of Germplasms with Resistance to Fusarium Wiltand Verticillium Wilt from Shaanxi Cotton Section

为了给棉花育种提供优质抗源,对陕棉抗病种质进行分析与评价;结果认为:通过病圃连续选择杂种世代材料,育成的陕棉抗病种质对棉花枯、黄萎病具有较高的抗性,同时丰产、优质是中国棉花育种初始抗源之一。陕4、陕5、陕401、陕5245、陕1155等抗病种质被多家育种单位应用,具陕棉遗传背景的品种有晋7、冀14、86-1、川56、苏5、新陆中3号、中棉所17、中棉所19、中棉所23、中棉所35、中棉所41等抗病品种60余个,陕棉抗病种质及其衍生品种累计在中国种植0.2亿hm2,有效地控制了棉花枯、黄萎病在中国的蔓延,起到防病增产作用。陕棉抗病种质作为抗源,具有较高的应用价值。

Cotton germplasms from Shaanxi cotton section, with resistance to fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, and characterized with high yield, excellent quality and tolerance for drought, were one group of earliest resistant parents in Chinese cotton breeding project. After registration and release of these germplasms, such as Shaan 4, Shaan 5, Shaan 401, Shaan 5245 and Shaan 1155 and so on, these germplasms were extensively used as parents by a lot of breeder in many breeding organizations, and then many cultivars were developed. Based on these cotton germplasms prefixed Shaan, more than sixty cultivars were developed with strong disease - resistance and planted in much area. Among the cultivars derived from the Shaan germplasms, some were famous, such as Jin mian 7, Ji mian 14, 86-1, Chuan mian 56, Su mian 5, Xinluzhong 3, Zhongmiansuo 17, Zhongmiansuo19, Zhongmiansuo 23, Zhongmiansuo 35 and Zhongmiansuo 41. Germplasms from Shaanxi cotton section and some cultivars derived from these germplasms, which had be planted in 2×10^7 ha2 field, had great effort on controlling fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt. Thereby germplasms from Shaanxi cotton section used as resistance parents were of great value in cotton breeding.