航天搭载小麦诱变SP_1代性状的研究

Research on Characters of SP_1 Generation of Wheat Lines by Space Flight

为了对经航天搭载后(SP1)和留地面未经搭载的同一小麦品种主要苗期性状和成熟期性状进行比较和分析。以足够纯度和数量的烟2070、烟农24、烟农19、烟农21小麦品种为材料,经"实践八号"返回式卫星搭载后与留地面未经搭载的同一小麦品种在相同环境下共同播种。小麦苗期性状有较大变化,表现为发芽率提高,出苗率和存苗率降低,白化苗出现,分蘖力和抗冻性没有明显变化。说明航天搭载有可能降低小麦种子苗期对外界环境条件的抵御能力。4个小麦品种SP1代变异株率为2%-3%;成熟期SP1代变异株性状也有较大变化,表现为生育期显著缩短,结实率有所提高,株型向松散趋势发展,穗型则均表现为棍棒形,株高、穗粒数和千粒重的变化品种间表现不一致。航天搭载诱发了小麦多种生物学性状变异,其中一些变异在处理当代即表现出来;航天搭载诱发的变异有有利的,也有不利的;这种变异可能是随机的,也可能与品种遗传特性有关。

To analyze the characters of the wheat variety which had experienced the space. Yan2070, Yannong24, Yannong19, Yannong21, which had sufficient purity and quantity, were used and experienced the space light of ＂Shi Jian 8＂. The results showed that the characters of wheat seedling stage appeared the distinct changes. SP1 plants had high germination rate, low emergence rate and seedling survival rate, and occurred albino seedlings. But SP1 plants didn’t show distinct changes in tillering ability and frost resistance. This indicated that space flight may reduce the ability to resist environment condition of wheat at seedling stage. The variation rates of four wheat lines were 2%~3%. The characters of SP1 variation plants at maturity stage also appeared big changes. SP1 variation plants had short growing period, high seed setting rate, loose plant-type and clavated spike-type. There were not consistent change in plant height, the number of spike grain and the weight of 1000 kernel among four lines. Some variations mutated by space flight could appeared at the present generation. The variation of space flight may advantageous or disadvantageous, and may stochastic or be related with the line genetic characteristics.