不同有机肥料对番茄生长及品质的影响

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Tomato

在有机生产条件下布置小区试验,研究了有机肥料对番茄生长、养分平衡和果实品质的影响,研究中采用农家堆肥、精制有机肥、沼渣为供试有机肥料,进行等氮投入,其中精制有机肥在此基础上额外设置了3个施肥水平。结果表明:有机肥适量施用能显著促进番茄生长发育,株高、茎粗、开花数、叶绿素含量等指标均好于不施肥对照,增产效果显著。等氮条件下不同有机肥料增产幅度在9.2%-14.4%之间。肥料氮磷钾养分平衡指数分别波动于3.06-3.35、7.77-23.65、1.66-2.88之间,而氮磷钾的利用率则分别波动在7.37%-9.51%、1.49%-4.39%、9.10%-15.32%之间。有机肥投入量的增加并未显著促进作物对氮磷钾的吸收,肥料利用率随施肥量的增加而急剧下降,养分平衡指数上升。适量施用有机肥料增加了番茄可溶性糖、固形物、Vc含量以及糖酸比,降低了硝酸盐含量,从而提高了番茄果实品质。研究揭示,有机废弃物的资源化利用,可以促进作物产量的提高和品质的改善,但过多的有机肥投入无济于产量和品质的进一步增长,相反还可能存在着环境污染风险。

The effect of different organic fertilizers on the growth、nutrient balance and fruit quality of tomato was studied in the organic agriculture field. The fertilizers used in the experiment were farm manure, commercial organic fertilizer, biogas residues and which under the same N input condition. On this basis, included commercial organic fertilizer was designed to three fertilization levels. The results showed that： With limited amounts, all the treatments can advance tomato growth markedly. the plant height、stem diameter、the bud number and Chlorophyll content were better than CK, and which could increase the yield markedly. Under the same N input condition, all fertilizers increase yield by 9.2%~14.4%. the balance indexes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizer, which is ratio of amount of supplied nutrient to amount of absorbed nutrient by plants, were limited between 3.06~3.35、7.77~23.65、1.66~2.88 respectively. Use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizer were limited between 7.37%~9.51%, 1.49%~4.39%, 9.10%~15.32% respectively. With increase of organic fertilizer rate, there was no markedly effect in promoted the nutrient absorption. nutrients use efficiency decreased and the balance indexes increased by more fertilizer application. With limited amounts could increased soluble sugar content、the soluble solids、vitamin C and sugar-acidity rate,reduced nitrate content in plant,and increased fruit quality of tomato. The research showed that： Utilization of Organic Waste Resources could increase the yield and improved the quality. Excessive fertilization could not improve the yield and quality, increased risk of environmental pollution oppositely.