土壤氮素矿化及其对烤烟品质的影响研究进展

Study on Nitrogen Mineralization and its Effects on Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

在所有必需营养元素中,氮素是对烤烟产量和品质影响最大、最敏感的元素。在烟草生产中,维持烟株生长发育和形成优良品质的氮素来源,不仅仅是人为施入的肥料氮,土壤矿化氮在烤烟氮素营养中也占有重要地位。关于土壤矿化氮对蔬菜和粮食作物生产的贡献已有较多研究,但对烤烟产量和质量影响的研究尚不多见。针对此问题,笔者总结了现阶段土壤有机氮矿化及烤烟氮素营养的研究结果,详细阐述了土壤氮素矿化的影响因素和研究方法,分析了土壤矿化氮对烤烟氮素累积分配和烟叶烟碱含量的影响,并在文章最后对未来的研究方向作了展望。

Among nutrients necessary for plant growth, nitrogen is the most important and sensitive element for yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. In tobacco production, nitrogen maintaining tobacco plant growth and development not only derives from fertilizer nitrogen, but also from soil mineralization nitrogen which occupies an important position on tobacco nitrogen nutrient. There are many researches on the contribution of soil mineralization nitrogen to vegetables and food crops production, whereas the studies about the effects of mineralization nitrogen on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are still rare. To address this issue, the paper summarized the research results of soil nitrogen mineralization and flue-cured tobacco nitrogen nutrition at present, and particularly expounded the influence factors and the experiment methods of soil nitrogen mineralization. Meanwhile, it analyzed the effects of mineralization nitrogen on nitrogen accumulation and distribution and nicotine concentration of flue-cured tobacco. At last, it made some expectations on the research directions.