梨树液体授粉稳定剂与营养剂的综合效应

Effect of Liquid Pollination Stabilizers and Nutrition Agents on Fruit Setting and Friut Quality of Pear in Shanxi

为了提高山西省梨树产区的坐果率及果实品质,试验以液体授粉为途径,通过授粉营养剂与稳定剂的筛选与配合,形成了提高梨树坐果的技术配方。结果表明:(1)以稀土为介质的液体授粉的稳定剂不同程度地提高了坐果率,其中处理A2显著高于处理A3,处理A3又明显高于处理A1、人工点授粉和常规液体授粉处理。(2)以氨基酸为主要成分的液体授粉营养剂也提高了坐果率,其中处理B1、B2显著高于常规液体授粉和点授粉,其坐果率提高了22%-25%。(3)综合处理A2B2的坐果效应最为明显,花后10d的坐果率达到61.8%-70.6%,同时,处理A3B1、A2B1、A3B1的坐果率也达到50%左右,显著高于常规液体授粉对照。(4)综合液体授粉处理后,A2B1、A3B1处理连续两年显著提高了成熟果实的酯类芳香物质含量,果肉可溶性固形物含量有一定增加,处理间果肉蛋白质的在2005年达到差异显著水平。因此,以稀土和氨基酸为辅助物质的液体授粉技术能够显著提高梨树坐果率,并一定程度上改善了果实品质,可以在山西省梨树生产上示范应用。

To improve fruit setting and fruit quality of pear in Shanxi province, the technology on liquid pollination was newly developed in this study by way of nutrition agents and stabilizers composition. The result showed that： （1） The setting rate of stabilizer A2, which composed mainly by rare-earth element, was significantly higher than that of treatment A3, and the later was also higher than that of treatment A1, manpower pollination and conventional liquid pollination treatments. （2） The setting rate of nutrition agents B1 and B2, which composed mainly by amino acid, were significantly higher than that of manpower pollination and formal liquid pollination treatments, increased by 22%~25%. （3）The setting rate of multiple treatment A2B2 was higher than that of other treatments, and its setting rate reached 61.8%~70.6% after flowering 10d; The setting rate of A3B1, A2B1, A3B1 and manpower pollination reached 50% or so at same time, which were higher than that of conventional liquid pollination treatment. （4）After the multiple treatments of nutrition agents and stabilizers the fruit quality were improved at harvest. The contents of volatile aromas and SSC in fruits increased significantly by the treatments of A2B1 and A3B1, and the contents of protein were also significantly higher at same treatment in 2005, but not in 2004.