中国室外地上木材腐朽危害分级

Decay Hazard Classifications in China for Exterior Above-Ground Wood

以国内194个气象观测点月平均气温、月平均降水天数的数据为基础,计算出估测室外地上木材腐朽可能性的Scheffer气象指数,对室外地上木材腐朽危害等级进行划分并绘制出中国木材腐朽危害地图。南方大部分地区的Scheffer气象指数都高于70,属于木材腐朽高危害地带,此地区包括云南南部,四川大部分地区和重庆市,湖南、湖北南部、安徽南部、江西和浙江南部,以及福建、广西、贵州、广东、海南、台湾。木材腐朽危害中等地带Scheffer气象指数在35～70之间,主要位于中国的中部,一个从西到东的狭长地带,包括西藏南部、云南北部、青海部分地区、甘肃部分地区、陕西部分地区、山西部分地区、河南部分地区、湖北大部、安徽大部、江苏以及上海市。另外,北京及其周围的一小块区域也属于木材腐朽危害中等地带。北方的大部分区域,从西到东,包括西藏大部、新疆大部、内蒙古、青海大部、甘肃大部、宁夏、陕西、山西大部、河北部分地区及河南小部,腐朽的危害指数低于35,属于低危害地带。本腐朽地图为中国不同地区室外地上木材的合理使用及防护提供了参考依据。

A decay hazard map for exterior above-ground wood structures is presented based on Scheffer＇s climate index, with the major purpose of promoting awareness for proper protection of wood structures in different locations in China. A very large area in the South, including southern Yunnan, most of Sichuan Province and Chongqing, and part of Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang, as well as all the more southern areas, has decay hazard ratings above 70, considered a severe decay hazard zone according to the accepted classifications. The moderate decay hazard zone, Index values between 35 and 70, consists mainly of the central areas of China, from the west to the east, including parts of Xizang, Yunnan, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu, as well as Shanghai. It also includes most areas in northeast China, together with a small pocket around Beijing. By comparison, large areas in the north, from the west to the east, including most areas in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, part of Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei, and a small part of Henan, are in a low hazard zone with index ratings below 35. The research is important to proper protection of above-ground wood across China according to decay hazard zones.