自制包膜复合肥的养分释放特征及其对番茄光合作用的影响

The Effect of Several Home-made Coated Fertilizers on the Nutrient Release Characteristics and Tomato Leaf Photosynthesis

氮肥施用量大,氮素利用效率低一直是困扰我国农业生产的突出问题。如何提高氮肥利用效率、减少因过量施用氮肥而引起的环境污染问题是目前国内外肥料研究的热点问题。通过水培和盆栽试验,研究了几种自制包膜复合肥的氮释放速率及其对番茄光合作用的影响。结果表明:聚合物包膜的复合肥能明显克服未包膜复合肥"破裂释放"模式的缺点,使养分释放更加平缓;聚合物包膜的膜厚度对肥料的养分释放期起决定性作用,养分初期溶出率随着膜厚度的增加而降低,养分释放期相对延长;增加抑制剂可以明显降低复合肥的氮释放速率。对比盆栽试验表明:随着包膜厚度的增加,番茄叶片的净光合作用、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量明显增加;包膜中加入抑制剂也可以提高番茄叶片的净光合作用、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量,各处理之间呈显著水平,说明对复合肥进行包膜可以降低氮的释放速率,提高番茄叶片的光能利用效率。

Over fertilization-low N fertilizer use efficiency are prominent agricultural problem in China. How to improve nitrogen use efficiency （nue） and eliminate its excessive use＇s impact on environment has been a hot issues being studying of domestic and international. Pot and water culture experiments were carried out to test several home-made coated fertilizer nutrient release characteristics and the effect of tomato leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. The results show that： polymer-coated of compound fertilizer can eliminate the short-coming of ＂burst releasing＂ pattern evidently, which results in the nutrient of polymer-coated of compound fertilizer to be released more smoothly; the content of the polymer coating of polymer-coated of compound fertilizer play a key role in its nutrient release duration, the initial releasing rate decreases and the nutrient releasing duration is prolonged as its content increasing; increase inhibitors can significantly reduce the rate of nitrogen release of coated fertilizer. Comparison of pot experiment with increasing the thickness of the coated fertilizer, tomato leaf net photosyntbesis, transpiration and chlorophyll content increased significantly. Add inhibitors to coated fertilizer can also increase the net photosynthesis of tomato leaves, transpiration and chlorophyll content. The differences of the treatments were significantly describing that coated fertilizer can reduce the release rate of nitrogen and improve the tomato leaves the light energy utilization efficiency.