免疫毒素的抗肿瘤研究

Immunotoxins for Cancer Therapy

免疫毒素是由具有导向能力的载体(抗体或细胞因子)和具有细胞毒性的分子(毒素)偶联而成的具有特异性细胞杀伤能力的杂合分子,是一种靶向药物。免疫毒素首先利用肿瘤细胞上导向分子的受体与细胞结合,然后进入细胞,再由毒素发挥蛋白质合成抑制作用,最终导致靶细胞死亡。与其他抗肿瘤药物相比,免疫毒素具有毒性强和特异性高的优点,在肿瘤治疗中显示出巨大的应用前景。简要概述了免疫毒素的作用机理、制备及其抗肿瘤研究进展。

Immunotoxins are proteins containing cytotoxic molecules such as toxins and carriers binding specifically to target cells such as antibody and cytokine. For work of immunotoxin, it must bind to and be internalized by the target cells, and the enzymatic fragment of the toxin must translocate to the cytosol. Once in the cytosol, toxins act by enzymatically inhibiting protein synthesis and one molecule is capable of killing a cell. Therefore immunotoxins have stronger toxicity and higher specificity compared with other surface-targeted therapy and display large application perspective. This review focused on the mechanism, preparation, application and problems for cancer therapy of immunotoxins in the past several years.