消减免疫法在单克隆抗体制备中的应用

Application of Subtractive Immunization in Preparing Monoclonal Antibody

单克隆抗体是现代生命科学研究的重要工具。常规的杂交瘤技术通常并不能获得特定目的抗原的单克隆抗体,而消减免疫法可在一定程度上弥补这一缺陷。消减免疫利用特殊的免疫耐受途径来大幅增加目的单抗的产生数目。它建立在宿主动物对免疫显性抗原或非目的抗原(耐受原)耐受的基础上,宿主动物可通过高区带耐受、新生期耐受和药物介导的耐受等3种方法获得耐受,然后再对已耐受的动物接种目的抗原(免疫原),特异性抗体便随之产生。近20年来,用消减免疫法成功地制备了多种独特抗体。简要阐述了可用消减免疫法获得的单克隆抗体的制备。

Monoclonal antibodies are very important tools in modern life science research. However, standard immunization approaches frequently fail to provide monoclonal antibodies with the desired specificity. Subtractive immunization provides a powerful alternative to standard immunization. Subtractive immunization utilizes a distinct immune tolerization approach that can substantially enhance the generation of monoclonal antibodies to desired antigens. The approach is based on tolerizing the host animal to immunodominant or otherwise undesired antigen（tolerogen）. Tolerization of the host animal can be achieved through one of three methods： high zone, neonatal or drng-induced tolerization. The tolefized animal is then inoculated with the desired antigen （immunogen） and antibodies generated by the subsequent immune response are screened for the desired antigenic reactivity. Over the past 20 years a large number of investigators have used the subtractive approach successfully generated uniquely reactive antibodies. This review focused on the implementation of subtractive immunization for the production of antibodies unobtainable by standard immunization.