兔VX2舌癌颈深淋巴转移模型建立及其转移特性观察

Establishment of the deep cervical lymph node metastasis model of tongue VX2 carcinoma and observation of its metastatical features

目的建立兔VX2舌癌颈深淋巴转移模型并研究颈淋巴转移特点。方法新西兰白兔16只，分别于左舌腹黏膜下接种VX2瘤，随机数字表法分成4组，每组4只，分别在接种VX2瘤后第7、14、21和28天分4批处死动物，观察舌癌形成和颈深淋巴转移情况。结果VX2舌肿瘤成瘤率100％。接种后第7、14、21和28天，舌肿瘤最大平均直径分别为（0．74±0．06）cm（x±s，以下同）、（1．62±0．06）cm、（1．82±0．04）cm和（2．52±0．07）cm。接种后第7天组、14天组和21天组，所有兔双侧颈部均未触及肿大淋巴结；第28天组，4只兔同侧均触及肿大颈淋巴结。病理结果显示，接种后第7天组4只兔无颈淋巴转移，第14天组、21天组和28天组，同侧颈深淋巴转移率均为100％，该淋巴结位于喉气管旁；第28天组4只兔中有2只兔出现对侧颈深淋巴转移。接种后第7天组、14天组、21天组和第28天组，同侧颈深淋巴结最大平均横径分别为（0．52±0．03）cm、（0．78±0．04）cm、（0．82±0．03）cm和（1．42±0．08）cm。颈浅淋巴结和颌下淋巴结未发现肿瘤转移。结论兔舌腹接种VX2肿瘤后，只有颈深淋巴结出现转移，接种后第2周起可以建立VX2舌癌颈深淋巴转移模型。

Objective To establish the deep cervical lymph node metastasis model of tongue VX2 carcinoma in rabbits and to observe its metastatical features. Methods The VX2 carcinomas were transplanted into the left ventral submucosas of tongues of 16 rabbits by injecting carcinoma mass suspension. According to the time the rabbits were killed after the transplantation of VX2 carcinoma, they were divided into four groups, or 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-day groups, and 4 rabbits in each group. The specimens of transplanted tongue carcinomas and cervical lymph nodes in the rabbits were examined histopathologically after they were killed. Results All rabbits developed VX2 tongue carcinomas at the transplanted sites, which were confirmed with pathological examination, and the mean diameters of tongue carcinomas of 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-day groups were （0.74 ± 0.06） cm （ x ±s）, （ 1.62 ±0. 06 ） cm, （ 1.82 ± 0. 04 ） cm and （2. 52±0. 07 ）cm respectively. No cervical lymph node was palpable at bilateral necks in each rabbit of 7-, 14- and 21-day groups, and only 4 rabbits of 28-day group had palpable lymph nodes at ipsilateral necks. The histopathological examination revealed no lymph node metastasis in the rabbits of 7-day group. Ipsilateral deep cervical lymph node metastases were confirmed histopathologically in each rabbit of 14-, 21- and 28- day groups, which located beside larynx-trachea. Two of 4 rabbits in 28-day group occurred bilateral deep cervical lymph node metastases. The mean diameters of the ipsilateral deep cervical lymph nodes of 7-, 14-, 21- and 28-day groups were （0. 52± 0. 03 ） cm, （0. 78 ± 0. 04 ） cm, （0. 82 ± 0. 03 ） cm and （ 1.42 ± 0. 08） cm respectively. No metastasis from the transplanted tongue carcinomas was found in superficial cervical lymph nodes and submandibular lymph nodes in all rabbits. Conclusions The deep cervical lymph node metastasis develops at 2 weeks after the transplantation of tongue VX2 carcinoma and a deep cervical lymph node metastasis model of tongue VX2 carcinoma can be established.