上海市城乡小学生睡眠状况调查分析及对策研究

Sleep patterns of primary students in Shanghai urban and suburban areas and its related risk factors

【目的】了解上海市小学生的睡眠状况及其相关因素并进行对策研究。【方法】采用分级整群抽样,于2005年11-12月对上海市城、乡6所小学的一-五年级2 459名小学生进行了问卷调查,调查内容包括城、乡小学生睡眠状况（采用自制问卷）、影响城乡小学生睡眠时间的因素分析（采用中文版CSHQ）。【结果】上海市城、乡小学生周一-周五的平均睡眠时间分别为8.56 h和8.58 h;周末为9.40 h和9.28 h,均明显低于国外同龄儿童及我国颁布的有关学生健康和卫生工作条例中所规定的每天应保证小学生10 h的睡眠时间标准。城、乡小学生平时每天总睡眠时间均随年龄（年级）的增加逐渐减少。影响城、乡小学生睡眠时间的因素略有差异,相同因素有：课业负担重、感到有压力、学习成绩差、完成家庭作业所需时间长、抚养人就寝时间晚等。不同因素包括：城区小学生有喝含咖啡因饮料及看电视时间长的习惯;郊区小学生就晚餐时间晚、卧室有电脑及迷恋上网等。【结论】上海市城、乡小学生睡眠不足普遍存在且与诸多因素有关,社会、学校及家庭多方面需共同努力改善儿童的睡眠状况。

【Objective】 To investigate the sleep patterns of primary school students in Shanghai urban and suburban areas and its related risk factors. 【Methods】 Totally 2 459 primary students were sampled by stratified cluster sampling method from 6 primary schools of Shanghai urban and suburban areas from Nov.2005 to Dec.2005.Two questionnaires were used to rate these children,one was the self-administered questionnaire containing general information about sleep habits and the associated family and personal information,and the other was the Chinese version of Children＇s Sleep Habits Questionnaire（CSHQ）. 【Results】 The mean sleep time was 8.56 h and 8.58 h for children from urban districts and suburb in weekdays,and 9.40 h and 9.28 h on weekends,both were significantly lower than the standard of the same age group of foreign countries and the national regulations of student＇s health care which proposed that every primary school students should get enough sleep not less than 10 hours per day.The total sleep time reduced gradually in primary students from both urban and suburban groups as age（or grades） increased.The risk factors for reduced sleep time differed slightly between the two groups.Among them,some were common,including too much homework,study pressure,poor school performances,spending a long time doing homework,the guardians going to bed too late,etc,and some were different including urban children enjoying drinks containing caffeine,spending a long time watching TV,and suburban children having supper too late,having computers in bedroom,having internet addiction problems,etc. 【Conclusions】 Widespread lack of sleep is an unignorable problem affecting health condition of the teen-agers,and it is necessary to improve the sleep quality and that should become the aim of the whole society,the school,the family and the children as well.