尸说--兼论巴东“撒叶儿嚯”第五拍是重拍

On Shi

恩施州的江河文化、山脉文化中的土家、苗、汉等有"待尸"的人文文化。"尸"是神灵,"待尸"是人充任"尸"以祭神灵,"打待尸"是巴东人(包括所有的说"打待尸"者之人群)祭先祖的礼仪。文章试图以巴东"撒叶儿嚯"为例,宽泛地从考源、鉴乐和辩名三方面给这种民间文艺形式勾画一个轮廓,以期能引起有关方面的注意:"待尸"属二音歌的节奏型范畴。而今之巴东《待尸》是"撒叶儿嚯"的核心内容,它的节奏型基本特点是两个"强-强-弱"的三拍形式组成的"六拍",而且第一、二拍和四、五拍是两个连在一起的重拍,因此第五拍不能是弱拍。而关于它的名称,由于臆造猜测,混乱不堪,仅粗略收集到的竟达10种以上。因此以求正本清源、整理提高土家文化方面引起关注,共同用巴文化、土家文化的"软实力",在推进恩施的经济社会发展上有新的探索。

The Enshi located in the west of Hubei province, and the residenter are include Tujia, Miao minorities. There is a kind of ceremonial to ancestor worship named dai shi in the local culture, she means divine, and dai shi is that some person acted as divine to offer a sacrifice to deities. The article chose the Dai Shi in Badong area as an example, drawed the outline of this art pattern from three aspects such as research- source, indetify music and distinquish name. In the writer＇s eye, dai shi is two tones song with therhythmic type of double three beats as down-down-up. Therefore, there are 6 beats, and the 5th should be down, not a weak beat. The writer collected the verious names lot dai shi, which more than dozen, he wished some one could pay attention to the Tujia culture, help the development of Enshi.