因王士禛语试论任昉诗歌

Ren Fang's Poems:Comments Inspired by Wang Shizhen's Argument

南朝人有言"沈诗任笔",则知诗歌创作并非任昉所长。然而在《分甘余话》中,王士禛却给予任昉诗歌高度的评价,以为优于沈约,抵牾显生。任昉博物广知,作诗动辄用典,他的诗歌呈现出渊雅的风格特征,与以沈约为代表标榜"三易"说的永明新体诗人大相径庭,而这显然也正是作诗重材力的王士禛激赏任昉的主要原因。尽管钟嵘等批评家指责任昉诗格不高,但他与王融等作诗以事义表学问的方法,却得到相当一部分士人的认同及效仿,在当时文坛形成了以学问为诗的一派。任昉诗歌今存虽少,然而以学问为诗的倾向迹状显在,仍可借以察知当时这一派诗人创作的大致情况。

＂ Shen Yue＇s poems and Ren Fang＇s Essays＂, a saying popular in the literary circle of the Southern Dynasties, indicates that Ren Fang was not skilled in poem creation. By contrast, Wang Shizhen in Fen Gan Yu Hua sings highly of Ren＇s poems and even argues that Ren＇s poems are better than Shen Yue＇s. One of the main reasons is that Ren, as a learned poet, frequentiy utilized allusions in his poems and his erudite and elegant style was different from Yongming poets such as Shen Yue, who proposed the ＂three-easy＂ principle. In spite of the fact that Zhong Rong criticized Ren for his ungraceful style, his way of creating poems with allusions in them to show the learning was accepted and followed by quite a few scholars and even became a fashion in that period. Though only a few of Ren＇s poems are preserved, the apparent traces of his style can still display the features of the school of creating poems to show the learning.