《人物志》与《颜氏家训》才性观之比较

A Comparison of Viewpoint of "Talent and Nature" between Records of Personages and Yan Family Instructions

才性问题是中国古代人才思想中的重要论题之一,对其讨论在魏晋南北朝时期达到高潮,而以刘邵《人物志》与颜之推的《颜氏家训》最具代表性。刘邵的人才思想虽受到了曹操"唯才是举"思想的影响,但更注重从名理学的角度探讨人的天赋素质与人德行、才能的关系,并坚持"学习有限论"。颜之推则对汉代以来"唯德是用"的人才观提出了异议,并强调后天学习对人自身发展的巨大作用。二人均主张"德才兼备"的选才标准,体现出了共有的批判性和独立思考精神。

The issue of ＂talent and nature＂ is one of the basic aspects in reflections on man of talent in ancient China. The Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties witness the most heated discussions of this issue, of which Liu Shao＇s Records of Personages and Yan Zhitui＇s Yan Family Instructions are two representative works. Though he was affected by Cao Cao＇s ＂talent-oriented＂ thought, Liu mainly explores the relations among man＇s endowed quality, morality and talent from the angle of logician and believes that learning exerts limited influence upon a man. Yan challenges the ＂moralityoriented＂ outlook on talented people and stresses the enormous influence of learning upon a man＇s development. The two scholars, who are critical and independent thinkers, propose ＂equal importance paid to morality and talent＂ as the criterion of selecting men of talent.