野生大豆栽培条件下的生长发育及干物质生产特性

Characteristics of growth,development and dry matter accumulation of wild soybean under cultivated condition

野生大豆Glysine soja为栽培大豆G.max的祖先种,籽粒和茎叶均具有较高的饲用价值。试验以栽培大豆为对照,用来自3个生态区的一年生野生大豆在田间栽培条件下研究了其生长发育和干物质积累的特性,结果表明,一年生野生大豆主茎长度2年平均比栽培大豆长73 cm、叶片和茎的产量分别比栽培大豆高54.3%和86.1%,比栽培大豆具有更高的饲草生产潜力。但一年生野生大豆荚产量远低于栽培大豆,栽培大豆荚产量是野生大豆的6.4倍。来自不同生态区的一年生野生大豆的生长发育和干物质积累特性差异显著。引自低纬度地区的一年生野生大豆的全株草产量、叶片和茎产量显著高于引自高纬度地区和当地的一年生野生大豆;但荚产量呈相反趋向。

Wild soybean（Glysine soja） is the ancestor of soybean（G, max） , it＇s grain, stem and leaf can be used as feedstuffs. The growth, development and dry matter accumulation of three wild soybean ecotypes and two soybean cuhivars were compared in order to study the forage production potential of wild soybean. The results showed that wild soybean could potentially produce more forages than soybean cuhivars, its main stem was 73 cm longer that cultivated soybean, its leaf and stem yield were 54.3% and 86. 1% higher than those of soybean eultivars. But its pod yield was much lower; cultivated soybean had 6.4 times higher pod production than that of the wild. The characteristics of growth, development and dry matter accumulation were significantly differed among wild ecotypes. The leaf, stem and whole plant yields of wild soybean originated from low attitude area were significantly higher than that originated from the high attitude area and local area, while pod production showed a reverse trend.