喷嘴直径对水射流切割性能影响的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Influence of Nozzle Diameter on Waterjet Cutting Performance

水射流磨料喷嘴是磨料颗粒加速的关键部位，喷嘴直径对射流有重要影响。通过实验研究了喷嘴直径与射流切割性能的关系。研究结果表明：（1）试件的切口深度和切口宽度随喷嘴直径的减小基本上呈线性减小；（2）同一压力下，减小喷嘴直径会降低射流的切割比能耗；（3）试件在射流移动方向的直线度及切口角的大小均与喷嘴直径无关。在相同压力下，喷嘴直径减少使射流穿透能力降低，从而使切割质量下降；（4）从能耗、节约被加工材料、切割效率和设备投资等多方面因素考虑，对于普通材料切割的喷嘴直径较佳选择为Ф0．6—1．0min，由于喷嘴直径小于Ф0．2mm时射流切割能力显著降低，因此不宜进行Ф0．2mm以下的磨料射流切割。

Waterjet abrasive nozzle is the key component for accelerating abrasive particle velocity and its diameter has important influence on water jet. The relationship between nozzle diameter and waterjet cutting performance was studied by experiment. The resuits show that the incision depth and width of specimen decrease linearly with the decreasing of nozzle diameter. Decreasing nozzle diameter can reduce the cutting specific energy in the same pressure condition. The linearity of jet moving direction and the size of kerf angle of specimen are independent of nozzle diameter. Under the same pressure, reducing the nozzle diameter makes the penetration capability reduce, thus, the cutting quality decreases. Considered from energy consumption, saving materials, cutting efficiency and equipment investment, etc. , the better choice of nozzle diameter for ordinary materials cutting is Ф0. 6 - 1.0mm. Because the cutting capability is significantly low when nozzle diameter is less than Ф0. 2mm, so abrasive waterjet with this kind of nozzle diameter is not suitable for cutting.