雨崩村社区旅游:社区参与方式及其增权意义

Community Participation in Tourism of Yubeng Village:Means of Participation and its Significance for Empowerment

在云南迪庆州德钦县云岭乡的雨崩村发现了一个社区主动参与旅游发展,社区基本实现了经济增权、心理增权和部分政治增权的案例。雨崩村在游客住宿、租马等经营方面实施了相对均衡的利益共享的措施,控制了外来投资,它已经发展成社区自主的、自我实现的可持续性旅游社区。雨崩的社区旅游是中国目前发现的最具典型意义的社区旅游,村民真正参与到旅游决策、管理、利益分配各个环节中。本质上雨崩村的旅游增权是个人增权,怎样在制度层面上确立社区的权力,进行制度性增权,真正凸显社区在旅游发展中的主体地位,是雨崩村旅游能否可持续发展的重要前提。

The current research is a case study of community participation in tourism in Yubeng Village, Diqing District in Yunnan Province, which provides an example of economic empowerment and psychological empowerment. In Yubeng Village, measures have been taken to make sure that the profit from accommodation, horse-rental, etc. is shared by all the families. This has prevented investment from outside and enabled the village to have developed into a community of autonomous sustainable development. It is the most typical case of community participation in tourism in China, where villagers are involved in all the processes of decision-making, management, and profit-sharing. It is important to point out that the case of empowerment in Yubeng has been working on a very important premise. That is, the villagers have the absolute right for the provision of accommodation, catering, horse-rental, etc. for tourists. However, such premise is not based on any rules or regulations. Therefore, the empowerment from tourism in Yubeng is in essence personal empowerment. The balance in profit-sharing can be easily broken if competition comes in from outside. This leads to the awareness of empowerment guaranteed by social rules, so that the rights of the community can be safeguarded by rules. For example, contracts can be used to grant the rights to the villagers for the provision of accommodation, catering and horse-rental, so that only the community plays a central role in tourism development. Such rules will become the important premise for sustainable tourism development for Yubeng Village.