利用厌氧生物反应器处理奶牛饲养废水(英文)

Dairy Shed Wastewater Treatment Using Anaerobic Bioreactors

澳大利亚的畜禽养殖业,如奶牛饲养业,在不断的发展壮大,在生产中产生了大量的奶牛饲养废水,这些废水长期以来一直被视为主要的污染物扩散源.但是,常规的奶牛饲养废水处理方法,如两池系统,对该废水的处理并不充分.另外,从营养物质管理规划和固态粪便处理的角度讲,新的相关法规要求对该废水应采用新的处理和管理方法.厌氧消化(AD)是一种可替代技术,该技术不仅能使环境污染实现最小化,而且能够实现资源回收利用,尤其是可再生生物燃料(甲烷)产生,可实现资源利用的最大化.本研究以奶牛饲养废水为对象,在对AD技术进行简要综述的基础上,基于奶牛场废水管理实践和相关法规,对澳大利亚奶牛饲养场采用AD方法的必要性进行讨论.在澳大利亚,奶牛饲养场废水处理的独特之处在于采用了高效的厌氧消化池.本研究在实验过程中采用厌氧固定膜消化池来处理奶牛饲养场废水.初步结果表明,厌氧固定膜消化池能够将奶牛饲养场冲刷废水成功地转变为生物燃料气体.

Continued growth and consolidation of the livestock industry such as dairy industry has generated large quantities of wastewater, which has long been identified as a major contributor to diffuse source pollution in Australia. However, the conventional dairy shed wastewater treatment practices used in Australia such as two pond systems still do not provide sufficient treatment. In addition, relevant laws and regulations in terms of nutrient management plans and manure solids disposal require new waste management approaches. Anaerobic Digestion（AD） is an alternative technology which can not only minimise the environmental pollution but also maximise resource recovery especially generation of useful renewable biofuel（methane）. A brief review of AD technology and its advantages in the context of dairy shed wastes is given. The necessity of AD application on Australian dairy farming is discussed, based on conventional dairy waste management practices and relevant laws and regulations. The unique characteristics of Australian dairy shed wastes require high-efficiency anaerobic digesters. Laboratory experiments are undertaken using an anaerobic fixed film digester to treat dairy shed wastewater. Preliminary results show that an anaerobic fixed-film digester can be successfully used to convert hydraulically flushed dairy shed waste from typical Australian dairy farms to biogas.