现代语言学思想的滥觞——简评《古韵标准》的方言比证法

Modern Linguistical Thought from Jiang Yong——A Brief Appraisal on Used in Guyun Biaozhun by Jiang Yong

《古韵标准》是清代学者江永研究古音分部的力作。《古韵标准》一书涉及的方言材料很多,通过初步整理,可以把江永使用的方言材料归纳为五种类型:(1)直接阐述方言的重要性;(2)以方音证明语音的演变;(3)以方音说明方言和通语的语音对应;(4)以方音证明古音的分合关系;(5)用方音解释古韵特例。江永"方言比证"的研究思路,实际上要超过欧洲语言学家一个多世纪。

Guyun Biaozhun is one of representative works by Jiang Yong, A great scholar lived in Qing dynasty. Jiang Yong＇s research achievement of paleo-sound originate from his methodological innovation. He not only had a good command of yinyun, but attached more importance to living dialects. This study thought, in fact, emerged in China 300 years ago, earlier than historical and comparative linguistics in Europe. By a preliminary reorganizement, we divided these dialect materials in Guyun Biaozhun into five types： 1 ）expound directly the importance of dialeets;2）testify the development of old Chinese sound depend on dialects;3）explain the sound corresponding between old Chinese and modern dialects;4）prove the decomposition and amalgamation between old Chinese;5 ） interpret some exceptional old Chinese sound situations.