肾纤维化发病机制及治疗学研究进展

Research progress on the pathogenesis and therapeutics of renal fibrosis

肾纤维化以过量细胞外基质在肾间质积聚、肾脏组织结构破坏及功能丧失为特征,是多种慢性肾脏疾病最终导致肾功能衰竭的主要病理改变和共同通路。肾纤维化产生的原因在于内外致病原引起的肾组织损伤及损伤后的修复失调。肾纤维化涉及炎症反应、肾脏固有细胞及免疫细胞凋亡、氧化应激反应增强、促/抑纤维化细胞因子失衡等多个环节。因此,主要通过抑制或阻断炎症、抗凋亡、抗氧化应激、调节肾组织局部免疫微环境等途径开发抗肾纤维化的药物。本文综述了近年来有关肾纤维化发病机制,特别是相关药物新靶点及治疗学的研究进展。

Renal fibrosis is a common consequence of chronic kidney diseases that leads to chronic renal failure. The pathological characteristics of renal fibrosis is disproportionate accumulation of extracellular matrix that replaces kidney parenchyma, ultimately leading to renal destruction and dysfunction. Several pathways are involved in renal fibrosis, such as inflammation, apoptosis of renal cells, infiltrated immune cells, oxide stress and imbalance of relocated cytokines. Here, we review the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, and research progress in the novel targets and promising therapeutic strategies.