“然而”的词汇化过程及其动因

Lexicalization Process of "Ran'er" and Its Evolution Reason

双音词"然而"来源于代词"然"和连词"而"组成的语素序列。在上古汉语中,"然.而"的语境有四种类型:(甲)"S,然.而VP1者+VP2也";(乙)"S,然.而VP也";(丙)"S1,然.而S2";(丁)"S1,然而S2"。从历史演变的角度审视,这四种类型可以视为"然而"词汇化的四个阶段。甲式是"然.而"语素序列的原始形态,丁式是"然而"词汇化的终结,中间两式则是过渡。从"然.而"到"然而"的演变,正是在这四种语境中逐步酝酿完成的。语境中语义关系的变化和"然.而"后续成分的改变是促成这一演变结果的原因。

The bi--syllabic word ＂ran＇er＂ comes from the morphemic compounding of ＂ran＂ the pronoun and ＂er＂ the conjunction. In the early ancient Chinese, ＂ran--er＂ has four contexts： （i） ＂S, ran--er VP1 ＋ VP2 ye＂; （ii） ＂S, ran--er VP ye＂; （iii） ＂S1, ran- er S2＂ ; and （iv） ＂S1, ran＇ er S2＂. These four patterns, from the perspective of historical evolution, could be treated as four stages of the lexicalization of the word ＂ran＇er＂. The first pattern is the primitive state of ＂ran --er＂ as a morphemic sequence; the last is the final stage; and the two in the middle are transitions. From ＂ran--er＂ to ＂ran＇er＂ experiences the process of gradual evolution in the four contexts. The change of the semantic relation in the due context and the change of the subsequent element in ＂ran--er＂ is the motivation for the result of such a change.