汉字形体关联度模型及计算

A Model for the Graphic Relevance of Chinese Characters and the Calculation

汉字具有系统性是学界公认的,但是传统的汉字学研究,多以定性的、说解式的方式描述系统,对系统性没有刻画的指标,无法衡量,更无法比较。运用数学的方法从一个侧面定量地刻画汉字的系统性,就会使汉字的系统性在形体关联度上得以计算、各断代汉字系统的形体关联程度可以比较,其系统性通过形体关联度的计算得以量化。汉字个体之间通过构件在形体上产生联系,汉字形体关联度描写的是形体联系的紧密程度,反映的是汉字在形体上的内聚性、系统性。汉字形体关联度对汉字规范、汉字系统优化具有重要的参考价值。中国大陆推广使用简化字以来,简繁之争持续了几十年,通过对形体关联度的计算可以看到:虽然简化字系统对造字理据有所削弱,但从整体上看,简化字系统并没有降低汉字系统的形体关联度。

It has been widely acknowledged that the Chinese characters are systematic in their component parts. However, the traditional studies are to a large extent concerned with the qualitative and interpretative methodology, which lacks descriptive index for the systematicity, the latter being far accessible for measurement nor comparison. To adopt a mathematic approach for describing the systematicity may enable calculating the graphic relevance, comparing the systems in different times, and pinning the latter down to measurement. Individual Chinese characters may come to be associated in form by their components. This process could reveal the degree of the association and the internal associativity and systematicity. Such an approach is of significant importance for the Chinese character standardization and the optimization. Since the popularization of the simplified version, there has been a constant debate as for the right and wrong between the original complex form and the corresponding simplified form; yet the relevance calculation method shows that, the simplified version has reduced the creation reason of the Chinese characters, but does not reduce the graphic relevance.