梁启超晚年《庄子》研究的思想特色

Liang Qi-chao's Study of Zhuang Zi Philosophy in His Late Years

梁启超晚年的《庄子》研究大体上走的是章太炎《齐物论释》以佛解庄的路子,通过破我执、解释"真我"实相,阐明了他"契合真我而不离现境"的内圣外王之道。这是梁启超为人的痛苦灵魂构筑的安静的栖息之所,以解决"一战"后的西方乃至人类的"精神饥荒"问题。他还通过破"理智万能"来纠正胡适解《庄子》所表现的知识主义倾向,并为五四新文化运动的科学主义思潮泼冷水,以防止中国重蹈西方物质主义之覆辙;他又通过破我慢、破是非见,表达了提倡世界主义和反对"社会主义"的思想主张。由此可见,梁启超解《庄子》是为了借以发挥自己的思想观点,探求本义并非其兴趣所在。

Liang Qi--chao studies Zhuang Zi in his late years by following Zhang Tai--yan＇s approach displayed in Qi Wu Lun Shi, namely, interpreting Zhuang Zi in terms of the Buddhist ideology. That is, he clarifies his understanding of the idea of inner sageliness and outer kingliness by merging into the true self without leaving the present life. This is a salvation roost where Liang constructed for painful human souls after the First World War when people are suffering from ＂spiritual famine＂. Meanwhile, he tries to rectify Hu Shi who shows a tendency of knowledge omnipotence while interpreting Zhuang Zi. Furthermore, he expresses his ideas of anti--Materialism and anti-- Socialism by refusing the law of cause and effect, and the ideas of ＂right＂and ＂wrong＂and Selfish pride.