从周恩来评胡适的文章看五四新文化思潮的分化

Split-up of the New Culture Ideology in the May Forth Movement——From the Perspective of Zhou En-lai's Criticism of Hu Shi

1923年2月,周恩来以"飞飞"的笔名,在中共旅欧支部创办的刊物《少年》发表了《评胡适的"努力"》一文,批评热衷于政治改良的胡适所鼓吹的"好政府主义"。周恩来在文中以"革命救国"论批评胡适对军阀统治的"迷信",抨击胡对帝国主义列强抱有的幻想。其时,五四新文化运动的高潮已过,胡适已经和周恩来等马克思主义者在政治上、思想上分道扬镳。从周恩来这则评论看出,五四新文化思潮发生的这种分化是不可避免的。从中分化出的革命救国论者与社会改良论者在政见上既"异中有同",又"同中有异",而最终则他们之"异"大于他们之"同"。

In February 1923, Zhou Enlai, by the name of Feifei, published a paper entitled On H u Shi＇s ＂Endeavor＂ in the Communist journal Juvenile, where Zhou criticizes Hu who is fond of political evolution and advocates ＂good govern- mentalism＂. Zhou proposes the idea of ＂nation salvation by revolution＂ against Hu＇s ＂superstition＂ of the warlord rule, and attacked Hu＇s illusion on the imperialist powers. Actually, that is a time when the Main Forth Movement for a New Culture has passed its summit, and Zhou and Hu have split up into different political and ideological camps. It is apparent from this article that such a split is inevitable then. The theories of nation salvation by revolution and by evolution share some characteristic while maintain difference; but the difference exceeds their mutual interest.