在获得和失去情境中儿童风险决策的发展特点

The Development of Children's Risk Decision in Gain and Loss Conditions

以5～6岁、7～8岁、11～12岁儿童以及大学生为被试,让他们分别在获得情境和失去情境中进行风险决策,以考察儿童的风险决策发展特点。结果显示：（1）在获得情境中,5～6岁组、7～8岁组和大学生组被试冒险、保守决策各占50%左右,11～12）组被试保守决策占60%左右。（2）在失去情境中,所有被试的冒险决策均多于保守决策,但成人的冒险决策更明显。（3）与获得情境相比,在失去情境中儿童更倾向于冒险决策,偏好反转现象普遍存在。

The study was to explore how children make risk decisions. In the situation of gains or losses, 5-6-year-old, 7-8-year- old, 11-12-year-old children and undergraduates were investigated. The results indicated： （1） In the situdation of gains, risk decision was equivalent to riskless decision; however, the riskless decisions of l 1 - 12-year-old children took up 60% ; （2） In the situation of losses, the participants made more risk decisions to avoid loss; moreover, the adults made more risk decisions than the children; （3） Compared to the situation of gains, children made more risk decisions, and preference reversion existed widely.