试论博洛尼亚进程的政策目标及基本特征

An Analysis of the Bologna Process:Its Policy Goals and Basic Characteristics

博洛尼亚进程是目前欧洲高等教育正在进行的一场具有里程碑意义的改革。它以建设和谐、开放的欧洲高等教育区为目标,以增强欧洲高等教育系统的吸引力为努力方向,赢得了46个国家的响应与支持。通过参加国两年一度教育部长峰会及所公布的一系列宣言和公报,博洛尼亚进程的政策目标得以逐步推进和不断深化,并被演绎为包括学位系统、学分互换、联合学位、质量保障、人员流动、终身学习、欧洲研究区等在内的十个具体目标。虽然欧委会、欧盟等欧洲组织在这一进程中表现积极,但质言之,博洛尼亚进程仍属于欧洲国家政府间的一项教育合作计划;并且它与欧洲高等教育一体化是两个既有联系又有区别的概念。博洛尼亚进程的性质体现了教育具有极强主权性的特点。

The European higher education system is now experiencing a reform called the Bologna Process which aims at establishing an open European Higher Education Area before 2010.This reform has gained 46 European countries' response and support.By a series of official documents,the aim of the Bologna Process has been interpreted into ten detailed policy purposes,including the degree system,the European credit transfer system,mobility,lifelong learning,etc.It is a cooperative programme between European governments which gained participation of multi-stakeholders in EU.This character shows that even in the high connection of economic EU framework,it is still weak interference with education.The Bologna Process has provided us with a typical example in education which is of strong sovereignty.