湖南省林科院试验林场森林植被景观格局及破碎化分析

Landscape Pattern of the Experimental Forest Farm Run by Hunan Forestry Academy and Its Fragmentation Analysis

用1∶5500森林类型图为信息源,以ViewGIS软件为手段,对湖南省林科院试验林场森林植被景观类型斑块的大小、形状、空间特征以及破碎化程度进行了分析.结果表明:林场的森林景观分为15种森林类型,总面积约为3529841.093m2,共有斑块数90个,森林斑块平均面积较小,且以马尾松人工林、樟树人工林、次生常绿阔叶林等为优势类型;各森林景观类型的形状指数较小,说明各森林景观类型的形状偏向于圆形或正方形,其斑块的边界率都较低;不同森林景观类型分维数变化较小,整个林场森林景观斑块数破碎化指数为0.0322,其中樟树人工林、次生常绿阔叶林、马尾松人工林、油茶林的破碎化指数较大.

Based on the information from a ForestMap （1：5500） and using the software of geography information system techniques （View GIS）, this paper made a study of the features of patch size, patch shape, spatial distribution and fragmentation extent o4 the forest landscape in the experimental forest farm run by 1-Iunan Academy of Forestry. The results show that there are 15 vegetation types and 90 patches with a total area of 3 529 841. 093 m^2 in the farm; that the average patch size is comparatively small and the forest types such as Pinus massoniana plantation, Cinnamomum camphora （L.） Presl plantation and secondary evergreen broadleaved forests are dominant as landscape ; that the values of shape indices of the landscape are comparatively small, which illustrates that the shapes of forest patches are similar to circles and squires and the length of patch boundary is short; that the fractal dimensions of different forest patches are little varied, which further indicates that the heterogeneity of the landscape is low; and that the patch fragmentation index of the whole landscape is up to 0. 032 2, bigger than which are those of Cinnamomum camphora （L.） Presl plantation, secondary evergreen hroadleaved forests, Pinus massoniana plantation, and Camellia oleifera Abel forest.