海上货物运输保险合同中有关保险利益问题

Issue of insurable interest in insurance contract for carriage of goods by sea

保险利益决定保险合同的效力问题,投保人对保险标的不具有保险利益的,保险合同无效。依据中国相关法律规定,提出保险利益是指投保人或被保险人对保险标的具有不为法律所禁止的利益,国际货物买卖双方当事人对于作为保险标的的货物都具有保险利益。指出以"风险承担"作为买卖双方具有保险利益的界线是不妥当的,应以"实际损失承担"作为确认被保险人能否从保险人处获得保险赔偿的标准。

Insurable interest determines the validity of the insurance contract. If the applicant has no insurable interest to the subject matter of insurance, the insurance contract will be null and void. Based on the Chinese laws, the paper pointed out that insurable interest means that the applicant or the insured has the interest on the subject matter of insurance which is not prohibited by the laws, and both sellers and buyers in international cargo sales have insurable interest on the cargo. The criterion of ＂risks bearing＂ for judging whether sellers and buyers have insurable interest or not is not satisfactory, the criterion should be ＂actual losses bearing＂ for whether the insured can get compensation from the insurer.