3De Papp E., Drobatz KJ., Hughes D.. Plasma lactate concentration as a predictor of gastric necrosis and survival among dogs with gastric dilatation - volvulus: 102 cases( 1995 - 1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1999,215:49
4Glickman LT.,et al. A prospective study of survival and recurrence following the acute gastric dilatation - volvulus syndrome in 136 dogs.J Am Vet Med Assoc,1998,34:253
5Glickman LT. , et al. Nondietary risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus in large - and giant - breed dogs.J Am Vet Med Assoe, 2000,217 : 1492