商洛市高砷饮水区地方性砷中毒流行病学调查

Investigation of Water-born Endemic Arsenism in High Arsenic Areas in Shangluo City,Shaanxi Province

目的了解商洛市山阳县和镇安县高砷饮水区地方性砷中毒流行现状,为防治高砷饮水区地方性砷中毒提供依据。方法于2006年5—6月,对在商洛市山阳县和镇安县常住的6周岁以上的人群进行砷中毒情况普查,并测定饮水中的砷含量。结果共调查12 588人,砷中毒患者2 097人,患病率为16.66%,属于中等病区。其中,轻度砷中毒患者1 248人,占59.51%;中度606人,占28.90%;重度243人,占11.59%。山阳县的牛家坪村、槐树庄村和上店子村属于轻病区,山阳县的杜河村、和平村、龙山河村、庙沟村、蔡家庄村、蔡园村和镇安县的双龙村、东河口村、鸳鸯池村属于中等病区,山阳县的三合村属于重病区,镇安县的水源村为非病区。砷中毒患病率与年龄有关,年龄越大,患病率越高(X^2=3 756.46,P<0.01)。男性砷中毒患病率为19.25%(1 358/7 054),高于女性砷中毒患病率[13.35%(739/5 534)],差异有统计学意义(X^2=77.69,P<0.01)。相关分析结果显示,饮水砷含量与砷中毒患病率之间存在直线相关关系,饮水砷含量越高,砷中毒患病率越高(r=0.804,P<0.01)。结论商洛市高砷饮水区存在饮水型地方性砷中毒流行且为中等病区。

Objective To investigate the present state of water-born endemic arsenism in arsenic-high areas of Shanyang and Zhen＇an counties in Shangluo city, to provide a data for controlling water-born endemic. Methods The residents aged six years and over living in Shanyang and Zhen ＇an in Shangluo city were taken arsenism examination, and the arsenic level in drinking water were determined. Results 12 588 residents were investigated, among them, 2097 cases of arsenism were diagnosed, the prevalence rate was 16.66%,classified as the moderate endemic arsenism areas. Of the cases, the light cases were 1248, the moderate cases were 606, and the severe cases were 243, accounted for 59.51%, 28.90%, and 11.59% respectively. The villages of Niujiaping,Huaishuzhuang and Shangdianzi in Shanyang county were light endemic arsenism areas, of Duhe, Heping, Longshanhe, Miaogou, Caijiazhuang, Caiyuan in Shanyang county and of Shuang Long, Donghekou, Yuanyangchi in Zhenan county were moderate endemic arsenism areas. Shanhe village in Shanyang county was severe endemic arsenism area. Shuiyuan village in Zhen ＇an county was non-endemic arsenism area. The arsenism prevalence rate was connected with age, the older the age was, the higher the rate was（x^2=3756.46, P〈0.01）. The rate for male was 19.25%, it was higher than that for female （13.35%, X^2=77.69, P〈0.01）. The result of correlative analysis showed there was a correlation between the arsenic level in drinking water and the prevalence rate, the higher the arsenic level in drinking water, the higher the arsenism prevalence rate （r=0.804, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Water-born endemic arsenism is prevailing in Shangluo city, it can be classified as the moderate endemic arsenism areas.