四种防治模式对水稻主要害虫的防治效果及其经济效益分析

Control effect and economic benefit analysis of four control patterns on rice main insect pests

就“生物防治”、“标准防治”、“农民自防”和“不用农药”4种防治模式对水稻主要害虫的防效和效益进行了比较分析。结果表明，在不用农药的情况下，水稻害虫的发生为害严重，产量和经济效益均较低。“标准防治”模式和“农民自防”模式对水稻主要害虫稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果、稻谷农艺性状、产量和经济效益等方面接近，但“农民自防”模式中4代二化螟虫伤株率高，表明这种模式具有盲目性和风险性，可能是某些年份害虫暴发的重要原因。此外“农民自防”模式用药量大、频次高，对生态环境和农药残留产生不利影响。以稻鸭共作和使用生物农药为基础的“生物防治”模式对水稻害虫有较好的防效，但显著低于“标准防治”模式和“农民自防”模式，产量仅为“标准防治”模式和“农民自防”模式的55．15％和59．60％，在防治效果和产量方面仍有提高的潜力，但其经济效益比“标准防治”模式和“农民自防”模式高出80—120元／667m^2。研究表明，引导农民从“农民自防”模式转向“标准防治”是非常必要的，“生物防治”模式在有机稻生产中有推广和应用的潜力。

Bio-control, standard spray, farmer＇s spray and pesticide free are four control patterns on main rice insect pests in Zhejiang rice area, the insect pests control effect and the economic benefit of the four control patterns were compared and analyzed in this paper. The results showed that occurrence and damage of the insect pests in rice field were serious and the rice yield and economic benefit decreased when there was no pesticide spray during rice ~＇owth period. Standard spray and farmer＇s spray had similar control effect on planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, SogateUafurcifera, Laodelphax striatellus, and the leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, also their grain agronomic character, rice yield and economic benefit were similar to each other. But the wilt sheath shoot rate caused by the striped stern borer, Chilo suppressalis, was the highest in farmer＇s spray field, it implied that the farmer＇s spray panern sometimes might bring blindness and risk into rice insect pests control, for it may be an important reason of rice inseet pests outbreak in some years. Moreover, the farmer＇s spray pattern frequently use too much pesticide in flee field, doutlessly it disbenefit on the safe of ecological environment. The bioeontrol pattern, based on duck-rice interact plus spray biopestieide, had good control effect on rice inseet pests, but it was significantly less than that in standard spray and farmer＇s spray pattern, its rice yield was only 55.15% of standard spray pattern and only 59.60% of farmer＇s spray pattern. But the bio-eontrol pattern was RMB 80- 120 yuan per 667 m2 higher in economic benefit than that in standard spray pattern and farmer＇ s spray. This study showed that it＇ s very necessary for relative official departments and researchers to pull the farmers from farmer＇s spray pattern back to standard spray, and bio-eontrol pattern is deserved to be extended and applied in organic rice.