NGO开展VCT预防静脉吸毒人群HIV／AIDS效果的研究

Effectiveness of HIV voluntary counseling and testing for HIV/AIDS prevention and control among injection drug users initiated by local NGO

目的研究非政府组织(NGO)开展自愿咨询检测(VCT)预防静脉吸毒人群艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/ AIDS)的效果。方法由妇女联合会承担VCT工作。疾病预防控制中心进行指导和培训,建立"家庭健康教育站",发动同伴招募社区静脉吸毒人员;提供检测前后咨询和快速检测服务;提供美沙酮替代治疗(MMT)和HIV/AIDS诊治转诊服务。结果建立了NGO开展VCT预防社区静脉吸毒人群HIV/AIDS的工作模式。吸毒人员HIV抗体阳性率为57.5%,他们的艾滋病传播及预防知识的知晓率从VCT前的49.3%～86.2%提高到VCT后的81.1%～99.1%;共用针头、棉花、药液的百分率从45.296～56.7%降到30.096-33.6%;用漂白粉清洗针头/注射器的百分事从零提高到17%;吸毒者发生性行为时从不使用安全套的百分比从约82%减少到32.5%～38.4%,小于一半时间至每次使用安全套的百分比从0～9.896提高到7.1%～24.4%。吸毒人员、HIV感染者获得了MMT和HIV/AIDS诊治转诊服务和心理支持。不歧视吸毒人员及HIV感染者的社区环境初步形成。结论由NGO开展VCT预防静脉吸毒人群艾滋病可行、有效。

Objective To study effectiveness of VCT for HIV/AIDS prevention and control among injection drug users initiated by local NGO. Methods VCT activities were initiated and organized by the local women federation under the guidance and training from the local CDC. A family health education station was set up., whose responsibility was：to recruit injection drug users（IDUs） via peers;provide VCT services before and after testing and conduct rapid tests;and also provide MMT, referral and follow up services. Results A working model of providing VCT services for community IDUs by local NGO was established. HIV sero-prevalenee was 57.5 % . IDUs＇ rates of correct answer on HIV transmission and knowledge level of HIV prevention rose from 49.3 - 86.2 % to 81.1 - 99.1% after receiving VCT services; IDUs＇ rates of sharing needles, drug solution and cotton dropped from 45.1 -56.6 % to 29.9 -33.6 % ,The rate of disinfecting needles rose from 0% to 17% .The percentage of never using condom during sex dropped from about 82% to 32.5% - 38.4 96. The percentages of 50 96 and 100 % using condom during sex rose from 0 - 9.8 96 to 8 - 24.4 % . The participants received methadone substitution treatment, anti-HIV confirmatory test and referral service in local CDC. An environment without discrimination against IDUs and HIV infected individuals was initially created.Conclusion The study demonstrates that VCT services initiated by local NGO are effective and feasible for HIV prevention and control among IDUs.