景观城市主义在工业废弃地改造中的应用--以美国马萨诸塞州军事保护区的景观再生为例

Landscape Urbanism Application in Brownfield Regeneration: Landscape Regeneration of Massachusetts Military Reservation, USA

景观城市主义是指景观替代建筑成为新一轮城市发展过程中的基本媒介,该理论被证实适用于一系列的城市发展问题,如工业废弃地的再生改造﹑不断萎缩的城市再生以及快速发展的新城开发等。本文重点研究美国马萨诸塞州军事保护区的景观再生案例,该地区自1911年以来,一直用作美军的新兵训练﹑军事器械的维修和保养基地等,这些军事活动不但对基地内的水源和土壤造成了很深的污染,也严重影响了上游城市波士顿的地下水资源。本文从研究减少污染的具体方法入手,提出了将之改造成为一个干净健康的大众公园的生态再生策略,并阐述了它所蕴藏的思想内涵及给我们带来的启示。

Landscape Urbanism describes a disciplinary that landscape replaces architecture as the basic medium of contemporary urbanism. It is suitable for many new urban development issues such as regeneration of brownfield, landscape in shrinking cities and developing approach on fast-growing cities. Massachusetts Military Reservation （MMR） has been used for Army training and maneuvers, military aircraft operations, maintenance, and support since 1911. The major issue for this site is the heavy contamination of soil and groundwater caused by military activities such as vehicle repairs, oil changes, body work, and repainting. These activities have also resulted in serious impacts to the Upper Cape＇s groundwater resources. Therefore the paper focuses on methods of decontaminating polluted soil and groundwater, recommending new land use type and patterns, and developing design strategies that provides a strategy towards a cleaner, healthier environment.