广州市萝岗区盲与低视力流行病学调查

Epidemiologic survey of blindness and low vision in Luogang country of Guangzhou

目的调查广州市萝岗区年龄≥50岁人群肓与低视力的患病率及主要致病原因。方法采用整群抽样方法，按世界卫生组织肓与低视力分类标准，对广州市萝岗区50岁及以上人群进行问卷调查，视力检测初筛后对针孔镜下视力低于0．3者，由眼科医师做视功能、眼前后节形态检查及主要致肓原因诊断。结果共录入人数4532人，实际受检4126人，受检率91．04％。其中双眼肓患病率为1．91％，单眼盲患病率5．96％，双眼低视力患病率8.41％。随着年龄增加，肓与低视力患病率明显升高，70岁年龄组双眼肓是50岁年龄组的25．5倍，差异具有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。在肓与低视力人群中致病原因的前几位依次是白内障（47．9％），眼底病（20.4％），屈光不正（9．52％），角膜病（7．59％）。另外，脑垂体瘤致肓占0．74％。结论广州市萝岗区≥50岁老年人群盲与低视力的首要原因为白内障，故降低白内障的患病率是该地区防肓治盲的关键，另外眼底病在该地区也是重点防治的疾病。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and cause of blindness and low vision among people aged≥50 in Luogang county of Guangzhou, China.Methods Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting individuals aged 50 and above in Luogang county of Guangzhou .A survey of visual acuity questionnaire was performed on the basis of The WHO blindness and low vision criterion..Visual function and Ocular morphology examination was carried out in the eyes with pinhole presenting visual acuity less than 0.3 by ophthalmologists, and the principal cause of blindness and low sight was analyzed.Results A total 4126 among 4532 subjects were investigated with the examination rate 91.04% .Survey result showed that the prevalence of bilateral blindness and bilateral low visual acuity was 1.91% and 8.04% respectively.The prevalence of lateral blindness was 5.96%.With the increase of ages, the prevalence of blindness and low visual significantly increased.The prevalence of bilateral blindness in the group aged ≥70 years was25.5 fold more than that in the group 50 -59 years, showing a statistically significant difference between these two group s （P 〈 0101 ）.The leading cause of blindness and low visual in subjects in turn was cataract （47.09%）,ocular fundus disease （ 20.4% ）, refractive errors （ 9.52 ）, ceratonosus （ 7.59% ）.Moreover, hypophyseoma （ 0.74% ）.Conclusion The leading cause of blindness and low visual acuity among people aged 50 and over in Luogang county was cataract.Prevention and management of cataract is still a key project in this area.Moreover,ocular fundus disease is also one important project.