民事执行中的权利、义务解读——兼对民事执行难的思考

Interpretation of Right and Obligation in Civil Enforcement

民事执行以实现债权为目的,债权人通过向执行机构行使强制执行请求权进而实现债权。民事执行活动因债权人、执行机构、债务人三方主体的参与而形成三面法律关系。基于权利、义务的对价关系,债权人债权的实现程度与债务人义务履行程度存在对应关系。同时,由于执行的强制性,债权的实现程度又与执行机构的执行行为密切相关。民事执行难是债权实现的困难,其对应的是义务主体义务履行的缺失。为有效地实现债权,应明确、规范执行机构的执行权并采取可能措施强制有能力的债务人履行义务。民事执行程序的修改在上述方面虽有明显的体现,但仍有进一步完善的空间。

In civil enforcement, in order to realize his right a creditor petitions to an enforcement body to claim a mandatory enforcement in legal relation in which a creditor, an enforcement body and a debtor participate. The extent to which a creditor can realize depends on not only the extent to which a debtor performs his obligation but also the enforcement act how the enforcement body exercises. Civil enforcement is difficult due to hardship of realization of a creditor＇s right. Thus, it is necessary to clarify and regulate authorities of the enforcement body that shall take appropriate measures to urge a debtor with ability to perform his obligation. Despite reflections on aforementioned aspects, the amendments on civil enforcement procedures still can be improved.