三种常见食用蕈菌对重金属的耐受与富集研究

Investigation of Heavy metal resistance and accumulation in three edible mushrooms

研究了三种食用蕈菌(金顶侧耳、黄背木耳、柱状田头菇)耐受和富集重金属Cd、Pb和Cr的能力.结果显示:金顶侧耳耐受Cr能力最强(>800×10-3g/kg),黄背木耳耐受Pb和Cr浓度超过400×10-3g/kg;Cd、Pb和Cr的最大累积浓度分别是20.03×10-3g/kg(柱状田头菇)、7.260×10-3g/kg(黄背木耳)和31.12×10-3g/kg(金顶侧耳).黄背木耳基部累积的三种重金属浓度均明显高于耳片,柱状田头菇和金顶侧耳菌盖部分优先累积Cd和Pb,不同浓度条件下,柱状田头菇不同部位累积Cr的能力差异较大.

The regularity of heavy metal resistance and accumulation in Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Auricularia polytricha, Agrocybe aegerita has been investigated. P. citrinopileatus showed higher resistance to Cr. A. polytricha and A. aegerita exhibited high resistance to all metals experimented. The highest accumulation values were： 20.04 × 10^-3 g/kg Cd in A. aegerita, 7.260× 10^-3 g/kg Pb in A. polytricha, 31.12× 10^-3 g/kg Cr in P. citrinopileatus on a dry-weight-basis. The heavy metal concentration was largly higher in the kingkled part than the expanding part in A. polytricha. Cd and Pb were preferably translocated into the cap rather than the stipes in P. citrinopi/eatus and A. aegerita, with the exception of Cr. The ＂preferred residence＂ for Cr is in the bottom part of the fruiting body in P. citrinopileatus. Cr was found in higher concentration in caps than in stipes in A. aegerita, however, the case reversed when explored to high concentration Cr.